example (1 minute) averaging 4 welds per minute with a weld time of 15 cycles (250ms) in North America. For a single projection the weld time, current and force can be based upon available spot weld schedules. Found inside – Page 8It is necessary therefore , for the tubes to be rolled tightly to the tubesheet projection prior to welding , and to control the degree of rolling to avoid distortion and damage to the tubesheet projection . WELDING SCHEDULE The arc ... Traditionally, PW uses AC controls and power supplies, and either a press-welding machine or fixed-station welding guns. Both setups provide good alignment and can be designed for low-inertia fast-follow-up systems. Rocker-arm machines do not work well for PW, since they apply force in an arc and do not hold good alignment. Weld Schedule for Spot and Seam Welding Stainless Steel. The weld symbol consists of a Flag which is placed at the intersection where the arrow meets the reference line. Speeds of up to 1,200 nails per minute can be achieved using seam welding wheels on specially designed RW equipment. Found inside – Page 297The various resistance welding processes are : • Resistance spot welding . • Resistance seam welding . Lap joints used Resistance projection welding . Resistance butt welding : ( i ) Upset welding Butt joints used ( ii ) Flash butt ... 9 Effects of Welding on Metallurgy IDepends on the alloy and welding process IIn general, cracking is promoted by: • stress concentrations Amps. 1. To the bottom right of the worksheet, in line with the filler details are some typical values that can be used for different welding processes and materials. %PDF-1.6 %���� There are cases in which the circumstances in manufacturing are … Tensile-Shear per each projection Total Weld Time Do not mult. The purpose of this Manual is to provide you with our latest and most complete information available on welding projection from the Design process & parameters, troubleshooting quality control to manufacturing. Weld schedules comprise several machine settings: weld current, time, and electrode force are common settings for spot, projection, and seam welding. Copyright 2019 Tuffaloy Products, Inc. All Rights Reserved.1400 Batesville Road, Greer, SC 29650Tel: +1-800-521-3722. You must accept the Cookie Policy to proceed to site. The major advantage of projection welding is that electrode life is increased because larger contact surfaces are used. Many resistance welding machine and electrode suppliers offer standard weld schedules for common metal combinations. This book presents these metallurgical and application aspects in a way that is not available in the current literature. ed in Table 1. Why is there a magnetic field during cross wire projection welding. Plus, certain checks let you know when service is required before downtime has the chance to strike. GCAP® Electrode Weld Schedule for Galvanized Steel. Welding Supply Services Weld schedule: A proper weld schedule will help ensure the use of the recommended weld force, bringing the projections to temperature and forging the weld with the proper fast follow-up. Click here to ask the professor. By using specially processed TD-NiCr sheet in both 0.4-mm (0.015-in.) and 1.6-mm (0.062-in.) thicknesses and carefully selected welding procedures, solid state resistance spot welds were produced which, after postheating at 1200 C, were ... LS Linear Slide. Ultimately, these two issues are the controlling factors in the times used in the set up of the weld schedule. Projection Welding Equipment Market 2021 Global Share, Demand, Top Players, Industry Size, Company Overview, Future Growth Forecast 2025 - WBOC TV News PROJECTION WELDING DATA DESIGN AND WELDING DATA FOR PROJECTION WELDING LOW CARBON STEELS (d=2 x Projection Diameter) Minimum Contacting Press / Projection ... fail and schedule a repair off production time. If the feeder misplaces a nut, momentary misalignment can occur. Force follow-up: As the projections begin to heat during welding and collapse, the weld head must maintain force and full pressure on each projection as it collapses. Your future use of the website will be deemed consent, but you can withdraw your consent or change your cookie preferences at any time as described in the Cookie Policy. All Electric Projection Welding Brochure. Found inside – Page xivSpot Welding Schedule for 0.025 / 0.025 - Inch PH 14-8 Mo Stainless Steel . . 104 XXIII . Properties of Spot Welds in PH 15-7 Mo 105 XXIV . Resistance - Spot - Welding Conditions and Properties of Spot Welds in A - 286 Precipitation ... Electrode Wear Versus Power. The heat and rays of the arc can react with vapors to form highly toxic and irritating gases. We provide commercial and residential welding services. We do projection welding m6 to m10 nut and bolt and different kinds of projection welding we do The welding details are entered in the light blue highlighted cells below the filler details. This updated edition describes progress made in resistance welding research and practice since the publication of the first edition. When projection welding, high impact will damage the projection before welding and result in poor projection welds even when all other settings are correct. As an example, for a TYPE EE piloted projection weld nut (6 projections), Property Class 10, the weld schedule would should look like this: Electrode Force Weld Time Current Newtons (Lbs) cycles K-amps M12 (1.19 mm pilot) 6670 (1500) 11-13 22-24 (1.178 mm pilot) 8900 (2000) 16-20 23-25 welding. The optimal solutions of weld designs and material combinations can be obtained based on the results of simulations before running any weld tests with real materials and real parts. (Full gun opening) Number of Short Strokes / min. Duty Cycle = (weld time on) / (elapsed time) elapsed time is often calculated using 2-seconds, but can also be calculated over one minute. In dealing specifically with re-sistance projection welding, the list of es- Why does the glass crack when welding TO-5 cans? Weld Schedule for Projection Welding Low Carbon Steel. (Partial gun opening) Max. Remember that in set up you always start on the cold side of power and work up to where you think you need to be to avoid damage to product and for the safety of people. IIntermittent weld length should be at least 4 times the fillet size IMinimize weld size to reduce potential for fatigue failure. This updated edition describes progress made in resistance welding research and Weld Force Max. The amplitude and duration of all force and heating parameters can be defined in the ‘weld schedule.’ The four critical parameters are: electrode force, squeeze time, weld pulse and hold time. The method uses embossments, projections, or intersections to focus heat generated at the point of contact. Please fill out the information below to access the complete list of PDF documents available for download. Per projection Net Electrode Force follow-up: As the projections begin to heat during welding and collapse, the weld head must maintain force and full pressure on each projection as it collapses. This ensures good, strong welds. If the weld head sticks, weld strength will suffer; in extreme cases, no weld and flash, expulsion or spatter may result. Do you have questions regarding the above article? A New Research Report published on “Bench Projection Welding Machines Market” provides extensive analysis of market demand with growing leading player’s analysis along with their revenue details. Reference: AWS C1.1 Recommended Practices for Resistance WeldingRWMA Manual Section 3Tuffaloy Product Inc. CatalogCMW Inc. Resistance Welding Products Catalog. Found inside – Page 196Load Capacity Quality Control Most robots for spot welding are designed Quality control is an important benefit of to manipulate welding ... It can also replay proproper welding pressure and weld metal expul grammed welding schedules . Do you have a question that is not covered in our knowledgebase? Found inside – Page 41Spot welding will continue to be the dominating process for joining of thin steel sheets in the automotive industry for ... Simulation of the spot welding process can now be made on standard PC's using the simulation program SORPAS®. Welding is the most common way of permanently joining metal parts. h��Zm��6�+��}(,Y�-��t� �vCw@?��ޥm�\�%�a��iR�;�k����Z�Ti�W�Q�������ބ�5V��Q�Uu邪� PERMISSIBLE SCHEDULE VARIATIONS FOR SPOT WELDING LOW CARBON STEEL Low Carbon Steel Spot Welding Data Chart—Single Impulse Welding NOTES: 1. Projection welding schedules can be developed using standard spot welding schedules. Found inside – Page 624.3 Arc spot welding program development Considering the problems observed in the tubes preparation, it was opted to initiate programming the arc spot welding of the scaffold to posterior manual welding by the operators. When the welding control applies voltage to this valve, Weld schedules are available in the references below for some standard materials. projection welding,reach the largest welding performance; 3. Be sure the breathing air is safe. Using the wrong parts for a particular welding job, extreme mill variation, improper parts fit-up, or foreign substances on the workpiece can cause variations in workpiece thickness. The Solenoid Valve is an electrically operated air valve in the compressed air line connected to the air cylinder on the welding machine. This work has shown that with a heat-treatment time ranging between 4 to 10 minutes, a robust resistance welding schedule can be determined to generate a mechanically sound weld. Projection Welding JOB WORK. SCOPE 1.1 Type of welding. The trick to this process is synchronization between the nail feed and the welding control. Heat is concentrated at the projections, which permits the welding of heavier sections or the closer spacing of welds. Size Shear Strength notes 1, 2, & 3 note 4 (For Single Projections Only) Dd Diameter Height Inches In. Lb. Projection welding galvanized low-carbon steel Material Electrode Net Welding Weld Weld Minimum Projection Thickness Diameter Electrode Current Time Nugget Tension- Size And Shape Force (Approx.) 124 likes. Hence, our schedule only has common space-doors and group representative doors, not a virtual total tabulation, and sometimes we missed here and there. Number of Long Strokes / min. The welding equipment used were a press type welder using a Serra Bucher welding controller, as shown in figure 7. How do you develop a projection welding schedule? An adaptive projection weld schedule effectively compensates for these sources of variation by automatically adjusting the heat during each weld to obtain consistent set-down of each projection. Projection welding localizes the welds at predetermined points. We also work on Welding solutions such as Mig Welding, Spot Welding, Projection Welding and Drawn Arc Welding. Guys, we do groups for multi-family project. Round Weld Nuts. Our round projection weld nuts are engineered for automation and ease of assembly. Do not weld in locations near degreasing, cleaning, or spraying op-erations. h�b```c``*d`a`8�� �� �@�������wB5r�U��?5�H��&0�3���&��j�G�a�U�Y?xb;>6��(2��>Ҍ@| � �7� endstream endobj 38 0 obj <>/OCGs[54 0 R 55 0 R]>>/Pages 35 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 39 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 40 0 obj <>stream Found inside – Page 211Projection welding Protrusions are pressed on one of the sheets or strips to be welded and determine the exact location of the weld ( Fig . 4.11 ) . Upon passage of the current the projection collapses under the electrode pressure and ... H�O��M��'�� Y�d�w~0 sB endstream endobj startxref 0 %%EOF 66 0 obj <>stream Found inside – Page 724724 Chapter 30/Welding Processes FIGURE 30.16 Different types of seams produced by electrode wheels: (a) conventional resistance seam welding, in which overlapping spots are produced; (b) roll spot welding; and (c) continuous resistance ... Band Cylinders & Slides. 1.2 Materials. Our website uses cookies for a variety of purposes more fully described in our Cookie Policy.By clicking “Accept” or continuing to use the website, you agree you have read our Cookie Policy and consent to the use of cookies. SPOTWELD Incorporated ... Weld Schedule Settings Tip Dressing Per projection Net Electrode Force per each projection Welding Current* per each projection Min. MXP-N Cylinder. A very common use of projection welding is the use of special nuts that have projections on the portion of the part to be welded to the assembly. WELDING FABRICATION. Found inside – Page 13Nied [16] was the first to present electro-thermo-mechanical modeling of spot welding by finite elements using the commercial program ANSYS. The study was performed in two dimensions with assumed Hertzian elastic contact. DN Series Pneumatic AC Projection Welding Machine Spot Welder, Find Details about Spot Welder, Projection Welding Machine from DN Series Pneumatic AC Projection Welding Machine Spot Welder - Guangzhou Dragon Welding Co., Limited Successful PW for welding nuts to a substrate requires good equipment alignment to ensure the delivery of an equal amount of force, simultaneously, to all projections on the nut (Fig. 1). Also, the force-delivery system of the PW machine or gun must be able to move quickly as the projections collapse, maintaining full force—called fast follow-up. Spot wel sample geometry is shown n … These factors need to be considered and properly controlled to ensure process capability. Projection welding is a very dynamic process. This is a comprehensive practical resource for automotive engineers and technicians who work with modern spot welding equipment and automotive materials. In. This is not a difficult task as it sounds, if the right steps are taken and procedures and documentation are followed. The Weld Schedule (or Weld Profile) is a record of all welding machine settings plus identification of the machine needed to produce a weld for a given material of a given size and finish.. The Cardinals are the best team in the NFL right now, where Kyler Murray and Arizona’s high-powered offense has been unstoppable through the first six games. 37 0 obj <> endobj 53 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<769931AC23B44EBEA26A89E90C1E777A><46860BCB63624543940F60F6DF2A1D8D>]/Index[37 30]/Info 36 0 R/Length 80/Prev 412540/Root 38 0 R/Size 67/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream ?9̀|N�G�E��b�p:��c��OSC_"P&Ǭ���I �Voُm�|�|C^lKA]�@��Ѓ�Je���t��Q�)��*��10nˣ�m��D���/u?���ѿ]���yT��±���Ոb���� Nw��3�P|N�ܐ���% ���e٢� n}��!=L�)I6c)��$�E�v�x خ�����yHI@v�����;I �Ή�A{. Found inside – Page 10-34Figure 10.53 Examples of projection welding configurations: (a) embossed projection; (b) stud to plate; (c) annular projection Table 10.4 Physical properties of contact materials Material Density Melting. In this process, heat is applied to metal pieces, melting and fusing them to form a permanent bond. Global Projection Welding Equipment Market report benefits the business to well understand market opportunities and clear serious business policies. We utilize MIG, TIG, and Resistance (Spot, Projection) welding processes to make quality aluminum, stainless and carbon steel weldments, as well as complex fabricated assemblies. This specification covers the spot and projection resistance welding of carbon steel sheet fabricatedassemblies in the carbon range of 0,40 to 6.60 percent (see 4.1 and 8.1). 563-332-1397 – Get high-quality welding services from Verbraak Welding. Most arc welding processes will evaporate the zinc on the plate leading to corrosion in the weld area and in the backside of the bead. In general they have relatively short weld times and perform very well as documented. If the projections are close together and aligned, the total current will be reduced. Found inside – Page 57Newton C.J., Browne D.J., Thornton M.C., Boomer D.R., Keay B.F., The fundamentals of resistance spot welding aluminum ... Tawade G., Bhole S.D., Lee A., Boudreau G.D., Robust schedules for spot welding zinc-coated advanced high strength ... Mobile welding offers convenience for homeowners and businesses alike by allowing our professionals to come to you. Mobile welding is the perfect way to … Mechelonic Engineers Private Limited - Offering Brake Shoe Projection Welding Machine, Model Name/Number: 19-21, Rated Input Power: 75 Kva in Mumbai, Maharashtra. How others do door schedule for multifamily project. Then consider the thickness and material grade of the stamped part. Welding fumes and gases can displace air and lower the oxygen level causing injury or death. This flagpole indicates a … Get best price and read about company. When welding multiple projections at one time and they are relatively far apart multiply the current times the number of projections. RWMA Materials â Descriptions and Common Application, Typical Physical Properties for RWMA Copper Alloy Materials Class 1 Thru 4. WELDING CONTROL The New Standard in AC Welding Control Simple, intuitive programming – large LCD, logical software and push button layout allows easy programming and viewing of weld schedule information. Found inside – Page 429[ 26.4 ] Morris , JL , Welding Processes and Procedures , Prentice - Hall , Englewood Cliffs , NJ , 1958 . ... 819–1957 Code of practice for resistance spot welding for light ... 26.14 Explain the relevance of welding schedules . Traditionally, PW uses AC controls and power supplies, and either a press-welding machine or fixed-station welding guns. Welding. Accept . Weld Schedule for Galvanized Low Carbon Steel. Weld time is the same no matter how many projections. MXP-S Cylinder. What can cause cracks in projection welds? The quality of the resistance-welded components depends on the weld schedule. Cycles In. A world of education in resistance welding awaits, © 2020 TPI | Privacy Policy | Contact the Webmaster. 10 Month Program. Found inside – Page 326Spot welding produces a discrete nugget by resistance heating with a single “welding schedule.” Nuggets or welds are usually produced directly under the electrodes but may not be if there is another more favorable (i.e., ... h�bbd``b`��@D1�`;$Xg��� �vK D(��� �S� These are clearly available for resistance spots, seam, projection, arc, and plug weld symbol. Welds were made just below the expulsion point for each particular schedule, and the welding cur rent was subsequently increased in incre ments to well above the expulsion point. 3. A resistance weld schedule is developed for a particular material and combination workpiece thickness. BC2 Cylinder. With the impact of Covid19 on the Global Bench Projection Welding Machines Market is expanded to high in the near future by growth, size, share, development, technology, innovation, industry trends and future forecast to 2026. As projections collapse, this triggers effects in both the force and the weld current profiles. For a single projection the weld time, current and force can be based upon available spot weld schedules. Training for structural, fluxcore, and pipe welding. Projection welding is a modification of spot welding in which the weld is localized by means of raised sections, or projections, on one or both of the workpieces to be joined. Staub Manufacturing Solutions is the go-to fabricator for welded products that look great and perform the way they’re designed every shipment. MXP-P Cylinder. Found inside – Page 9-9INTRODUCTION Spot welding of Ames thorium was investigated as part of the program on joining thorium , which was part of a broad research program to develop the technology of thorium . Tests were made to determine the proper welding ... internal porosity is larger than 10% of total weld bead area[2]. Welding schedules used are listed in Table 2. Projection Welding (automated equipment) The purpose of this Manual is to provide you with our latest and most complete information available on welding projection from the Design process & parameters, troubleshooting quality control to manufacturing. WELDING SCHEDULE A FOR A SINGLE PROJECTION WELDING SCHEDULE B FOR 2 – 3 PROJECTIONS Thickness Total Weld Time Do not mult. Having the ring touch only at the needed points of contact speeds up production. We utilize MIG, TIG, and Resistance (Spot, Projection) welding processes to make aluminum, stainless and carbon steel weldments, as well as complex fabricated assemblies. Projection Welding Equipment Market 2021 Global Share, Demand, Top Players, Industry Size, Company Overview, Future Growth Forecast 2025 - Duty Cycle = (4 welds … We describe below in further details on the Weld Designing solutions for spot welding, projection welding … The report delivers valuable insights into industry segmentation by types, applications and by regions. Once the weld current generates sufficient resistance, the projections collapse, forming a nugget. PROJECTION WELDING DATA DESIGN AND WELDING DATA FOR PROJECTION WELDING LOW CARBON STEELS (d=2 x Projection Diameter) Minimum Contacting We make business better by delivering reliable solutions. In resistance welding, lower current can be used because resistivity is higher. We then schedule doors with an ungroup one, given these groups won't be much changes till the end. Get contact details and address | ID: 21334224688 By clicking âAcceptâ or continuing to use the website, you agree you have read our Cookie Policy and consent to the use of cookies. In this work, a new metric was developed to quantify LME severity and this metric was used to study the influence of multiple pulse weld schedules on LME cracking in resistance spot welds. Projection weld schedule parameters are readily available in the published weld schedules referenced below. They also have published projection welding schedules for many materials. When welding multiple projections at one time and they are relatively far apart multiply the current times the number of projections. Stainless steels which require special welding procedures are discussed in later sections. What is the symbol for field welding? The welds were performed in the sample, each joint with its own welding schedule, in order to obtain four different groups of samples, referenced to different welding schedules applied in the joints, as shown in table 3. Primary and secondary constant current – provides closed-loop feedback and delivers superior control and improved welding results. Found inside – Page 8It is necessary therefore , for the tubes to be rolled tightly to the tubesheet projection prior to welding , and to ... WELDING SCHEDULE The arc amperage , arc voltage , and travel speed which determine total heat - input into the weld ... Two copper-flashed steel wires are projection-welded to each nail in a high-speed, continuous process. From 2015 to 2019, the growth rate of global Projection Welding Equipment market size was in the some range. Integrated high-strength frame Structure,more impact resistant and anti-shock ability under high pressure operation,to achieve more accuracy of welding position,both spot welding and . Found inside – Page 83Approaches to addressing electrode wear include frequent tip dressing, and welding schedules that counter the effect of ... Resistance Seam Welding (Figure 3.13) functions very similar to Resistance Spot Welding, except that the copper ... ® Application Profile - Spot / Projection Customer Information Contact Name Company Phone Email End User Program Name Duty Cycle & Weld Schedule Number of Welds / min. schedule is subject to modification based on need. BC3 Cylinder. Can a projection weld cause spatter or expulsion? Weld force is determined in the same manner. Ring projections can be the ideal projection for cross wire welding or on the mess style material. This book is written for operators and engineers to help diagnose and solve common spot welding defects and issues, projection welding, and seam welding applications. Consider it an experienced second opinion in a specialized field. ep��Z��ϋ_Ǐ����|\.���w��9)nG�����n��Z���2k��&7�����>NV�^/������a:�X���_�W��~3]�֣O�e\G��ʥ����F�?�_�~��i?���L֟Vo�:(��ke�UN��*@B|�6�6l�K���,�͘}}����SMi�vƭ�j,����8P�9�&�*�p?eh�&��2���p�U���r�e�Lk�s�rݳn�����A���YB9>�3IOMs�~Fg�ۊ�:x����R� [ ����` �2�2nI�h{ؤ[&3�+Xz�܀�p�P�n�K�}��M���ж��8a�\`���t��24����L�#���zv���}�x��������t����_�-���u�_��d�����M�n2����1{6c�'�&� �$��~�%��'aS:�Ŀ\��%��� \���7Q�'������3�10��?-�����q� � �������~_�G?����r��r��! Our highly skilled welders use dedicated fixturing and follow detailed process plans to ensure your parts always have the weld integrity and appearance that you require. Professional Welder with Pipefitting. Rodless Pneumatic Air Cylinders. Hi I have a question about making a WPS/PQR with the process spot resistance and the process projection welding of nuts in sheet metal. Found inside – Page 324Spot-welded assembly showing a typical joint design for an indirect weld. Pulsation. Welding. In pulsation welding, the current is applied repeatedly to make a single weld while the pressure is applied. This process will produce a ... Resistance Spot and Projection Weld Standards and Quality A unique session designed to make you think about the quality standards associated with two common forms of resistance welding, spot and projection. Three- and six-projection types provide a … Traditional e-coat processes can be affected by Found inside – Page 100The seam welding schedule given in Table II has been developed based on laboratory research , and these data guide machine set - up . Projection Welding : Good Control of Quality Projection welding is often a good alternate method which ... Projection Welding Schedules for Low Carbon Steel 53 Welding Schedules for Stainless Steel 54 Welding Schedules for Galvanized Low Carbon Steel 55 Recommended Electrode Materials 56 Resistance Welding Electrode Maintenance 57 Welding Electrode Evaluation Form 58 Graph Facsimile 59 Do’s and Don’ts for Resistance Welding Electrodes 60 37 37 There shall be a vertical visible seam at Our website uses cookies for a variety of purposes more fully described in our Cookie Policy. Round weld nuts yield a better weld schedule and performance than a standard hex weld nut due in part to a larger bearing surface. This book is written for operators and engineers to help diagnose and solve common spot welding defects and issues, projection welding, and seam welding applications. Consider it an experienced second opinion in a specialized field. A Wide Range of Supplies Serving the resistance welding industry for more than 30 years, RMSA, Inc. is a manufacturer and distributor of resistance welding equipment. The purpose of this Manual is to provide you with our latest and most complete information available on welding projection from the Design process & parameters, troubleshooting quality control to manufacturing. With so many different things moving through pipes swiftly and safely - water, gas, air, and oil - there are many opportunities for people trained in pipefitting. Weld Schedule for Spot Welding Low Carbon Steel. save multi-group Schedule Number,etc.easily meet customers ’ high requirements of welding quality; 2. Projection welding schedules can be developed using standard spot welding schedules. 3.1 FERRITIC STAIN LE The total weld may be as short as 10 ms and the collapse portion may be as little as 5-6 ms. Experienced Spot Welding Technical Assistance. In. C. Hollow Metal Frames, Swinging Type, [with 3 hour, 1 ½ hour, ¾ hour, 1/3 hour fire ... c. Door edges shall be joined by projection welding no more than 3” on center extending the full height of the door. To determine the optimum weld schedule—electrode force, weld time in cycles and welding current—first consider the type of nut or stud to be welded, along with the size and location of the projections. In. ... Once the solution is developed and ready, we will then schedule a convenient time for you (low or no production) in order to implement the integration and/or changes. Discussions presented in this report result from product development activity conducted for the Hanford Atomic Products Operation of General Electric Company, Richland, Washington, by the Research Division, Sciaky Bros., Inc. shown in the schedule on the contract drawings and specified herein. Less welding heat is required to make a weld because the heat is not conducted away from a joint as rapidly as in carbon steel. WELDING, RESISTANCE, SPOI AND PROJECTION FOR FABRICATING ASSEMBLIES OF CARBON STEEL SHEETS 1. Adding the Welding Checklist to your routine maintenance schedule is a quick way to silence porosity, worm tracking, burn through, lack of penetration and undercutting as issues get caught in advance. Send Me Info (855) 237-7711. Lb. After hearing Don’s presentation, it is very possible that you will never look or think about a weld the same way again.
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